HADEJIA A YAU The Government and Society of Hadejia in the 19th Century: The government of Hadejia in the 19th century, like other emirates of the old Sokoto Caliphate, was based on autocracy. The emir who was a spiritual as well as temporal head was at the helm of affairs. He was assisted in governing by a class of officials or titleholders who were resident in his court. It was only the Sarkin Auyo who was permitted to stay outside the headquarters: he lived permanently at Auyo town. The composition of these titIe holders or Hakimai was made up of 'ya'yan Sarki (Princes), Dangin Sarki (emir's relatives), Barorin Sarki (clients), and Bayin Sarki (slaves). The structure of this emirate's administration was never dominated by the "Fulani ruling caste", since the heterogeneous nature of the area was taken into cognisance in the distribution of both civil and military offices. For example, during Sambo's reign the title of Madaki was held by a Bamange and that of Galadima was given to a Ba-Auyaki, both non-Fulani tribes. Militarily, the emir was the Commander-in- Chief of the emirate, delegating his function in practice to Sarkin Yaki (Captain General or War Chief), Jarma (Chief of the Brave Ones), Madaki, Sarkin Arewa and other war chiefs. The composition of the entire military force was made up of courtiers, title-holders and their household slaves, Dogarai (the emirate's bodyguards) and contingents from the "fiefs". Hadejia had two broad sectors of the army: the cavalry (Barade) and foot soldiers. Militarily the emirate was considered to be the strongest emirate east of Kano. This reputation it enjoyed and enhanced right from the days of the Buhari Revolt up to the coming of the British.